Subject and purpose of work: The research focused on cash payments, their role in the payment system, and changing consumer preferences in cash and non-cash transactions. The aim was to examine cash payments, importance, compare their pros and cons with non-cash payments, and evaluate the impact of cash payment limits on the economy and society. Data from the NBP, ECB, SWOT analysis, and consumer transaction studies were used. Results showed that despite the rise of cashless payments, cash remains crucial, particularly in low-value transactions. Cash offers high availability, immediacy, and anonymity, which consumers value. Cash payment limits enhance transparency, reduce the grey market, and curb financial crime. However, they also present challenges, such as digital exclusion and privacy concerns. Implementing such limits should carefully balance the benefits with potential drawbacks, ensuring a stable and efficient payment system at both national and international levels.