Subject and purpose of work: Subject and Purpose of the Work This study seeks to address three core questions: the current status of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in India based on empirical evidence, the state of academic literature on FPOs, and potential directions for future research. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. An initial pool of 250 peer-reviewed articles was retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion criteria-empirical focus, Indian context, and English language-a final set of 140 articles was selected for analysis. Results: Findings indicate that FPOs are crucial institutional mechanisms for smallholder farmers, nearly 89.4 percent of whom operate holdings below two hectares. They enhance access to inputs, markets, credit, and capacity-building opportunities, resulting in higher farm incomes, reduced transaction costs, and greater bargaining power. Conclusions: FPOs significantly promote agricultural commercialization and rural livelihoods. However, their long-term sustainability requires sound governance, financial resilience, and supportive policy environments. Future research should prioritize longitudinal and region-specific studies, particularly in underrepresented hilly and horticultural areas, to assess enduring impacts on farmer resilience.